///////////////In the Catholic Church, excommunication is a "medicinal" penalty intended to lead the sinner to repentance. Grounds are categorized by how they are incurred:
Catholic Answers
Catholic Answers
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Automatic (Latae Sententiae): These are incurred immediately upon committing the act:
Apostasy, Heresy, or Schism: Total rejection of the faith, denial of specific truths, or refusal of submission to the Pope.