One of the unquestioned assumptions of our age, which is foundational to liberalism and capitalism, is that merit should decide who gets what job or what reward. The ideal society is supposed to be one where we all compete against eachother in a fair game-with the state only existing to ensure the game is fair-and whoever wins is naturally whoever was best.
this is a perfectly reasonable idea and quite intuitive...and does seem to work in the world of say...sports. anyone no matter what their race or class or religious background etc. Might be an excellent football quarterback, for example...we can observe that. It would seem logical that this trend would also work in politics and the building of human societies.
But as a rather scientific minded person, I tend to have little faith in the human powers of deduction when dealing with real world things. Science has proven that the real world does not always operate in a way that makes sense to us. And if we look at the track record of meritocracy in history...without prejudice or assumptions...it clearly has been a horrible thing.
all of the greatest empires in history arose in an environment where all authority...both political and academic...was deeply exclusionary. You were expected to be the correct ethnicity, religion, a man, and of noble birth. And every time an empire tried to remove such privileges we can observe a rapid decay of the empire into chaos and brutality: the bolshevik revolution, The French revolution, the fall of the roman empire folowing caracalla removing privileges of ethnic romans, the end of the Persian empire, the short life of Macedon, and indeed the obvious collapse of the anglosphere that we can see today.