By
Michael Master
December 20, 2023 at 7:06pm
Democrats impeached Donald Trump for, allegedly, high crimes and misdemeanors. Democrats now claim that Joe Biden cannot be impeached because he has not been convicted of any crime. So what was Trump convicted of doing when Democrats impeached him … twice? Nothing.
In 1865, Vice President Andrew Johnson was sworn into office as president to replace Abraham Lincoln after his assassination. Johnson was a Democrat while Lincoln was a Republican. An overwhelming majority of Congress was Republican. That Congress feared that Johnson would change policies (which Johnson did) and change the members of the Cabinet (which Johnson did). So Congress passed legislation with a super-majority of Republicans, The Tenure of Office Act, over the veto of Johnson, that forbid the president from releasing any members from his Cabinet without permission from Congress.
The House then impeached Johnson for ignoring its legislation. As a court, the U.S. Senate, by the one vote of Sen. Rose, then found Johnson "not guilty." One vote. One senator. Not guilty. So Johnson remained president of the United States.
Then, 29 years later, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the Tenure in Office Act was unconstitutional because the legislative branch could not impose restrictions on the executive branch that were not in the Constitution. The legislative branch, the executive branch and the judicial branch are coequal branches that are not accountable to each in any ways other that what is allowed in the Constitution.
In 208 years, until the impeachment of Bill Clinton, Andrew Johnson was the only president to be impeached. What did America learn from that impeachment of Johnson?
Congress can define high crimes and misdemeanors in any way that it wants to define them. No indictment or conviction by a court is needed. An impeachment is an indictment. The impeachment of Johnson was a political indictment by Republicans against a Democrat. But the Senate is the court. It is the jury. And the Senate determines "guilty" or "not guilty" just as any other court does.
In addition, the House and Senate may find someone guilty who is vindicated at some later date without any means for remedy. If Johnson had been found guilty and the law he violated was found unconstitutional 29 years later, then what? What would have been the remedy? There was none. All the actions by following presidents and Congresses in opposition to Johnson's policies would have been left in place.
Finally, the three branches of the federal government are separate with a separation of powers. They deliberately are not accountable to each other