The “judicial proceedings” exception came into play the two times in the 20th century a sitting president was subject to independent investigation.
The first time was in the 1970s, when Watergate Special Prosecutor Leon Jaworski sent his “Road Map” of President Richard Nixon’s involvement in Watergate to Congress.
The second time was in the 1990s, when Independent Counsel Ken Starr delivered his report on President Bill Clinton’s misconduct to Congress.
It could come into play again soon, if the House Judiciary Committee petitions Chief Judge Beryl Howell of the D.C. federal court for access to Mueller’s grand jury material. (Judge Howell has been presiding over all legal matters arising from Mueller’s grand jury.)
In 1974, Jaworski’s team argued that the disclosure was permissible under Rule 6(e) because the Judiciary Committee’s impeachment inquiry was equivalent to a judicial proceeding.
Chief Judge John Sirica, Howell’s predecessor, allowed the disclosure.
Some might argue that for Congress to access grand jury material under the judicial proceedings exception, it must have a formal impeachment inquiry underway.
But that argument overlooks another key historical precedent: the Starr Report.
Starr got judicial approval, using the judicial proceedings exception, to send his report to the House Judiciary Committee BEFORE the committee had done any investigation of its own into Clinton’s alleged wrongdoing.
In fact, it was the Starr Report itself that eventually prompted impeachment proceedings for Clinton.
Even more telling, the judicial proceedings exception allowed the final report on the Iran-Contra investigation to reach the public in 1994.
Obviously, the court of public opinion is not a “judicial proceeding,” but the D.C. federal appeals court didn’t let that stand in the way of the enormous public interest in the investigation’s findings.
The court concluded that its own adjudication of whether to release the report constituted the “judicial proceeding” required by the rule.
Here, the House Judiciary Committee is exercising its constitutional authority to investigate allegations of the Trump administration’s obstruction of justice and other abuses of power.
It launched its investigation on March 4, and authorized a subpoena for the full Mueller report on April 3.
The full House of Representatives, moreover, has passed a resolution 420-0 calling on the Justice Department to make Mueller’s complete report available to Congress.
The constitutional imperatives are clear.
https://www.politico.com/magazine/story ... ort-226577